Estrogen deficiency occurs when estrogen levels in the body are too low. This commonly happens during perimenopause (as estrogen production declines) and postmenopause after estrogen production largely stops.
Some key things to know:
Estrogen deficiency develops because ovarian function and ovulation decline with aging, leading to sharply dropping estrogen levels. This usually begins in the late 30s or early 40s, in the perimenopausal transition period before menopause.
By menopause (when menstruation fully stops), estrogen levels are very low. This brings unpleasant symptoms for most women and leads to accelerated bone loss over time, increasing osteoporosis risk.
Hot flashes are often one of the most disruptive estrogen deficiency symptoms. These sudden feelings of intense heat and sweating can disrupt sleep and daily life. Vaginal dryness and discomfort are also common issues.
Mood changes, trouble focusing, lack of energy, and sleep disruptions are other frequent menopause symptoms resulting directly or indirectly from low estrogen. Over time, collagen and tissue breakdown can also lead to issues like urinary incontinence.
If you're experiencing these symptoms, an estrogen blood test can provide more definitive answers. Estrogen levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, so testing may need to happen over multiple cycles to confirm a deficiency.
If confirmed to be estrogen deficient, treatment options do exist to provide relief. The most effective treatment is hormone therapy (HT) with estrogen, often combined with progestogen. But lifestyle adjustments and non-hormonal medications can also help manage some symptoms.
I hope this overview gives some useful background on what causes estrogen deficiency and how it can be addressed! Let me know if you have any other questions.